English Nouns
1. NOUN TYPE :
- PROPER NOUN : John, The Hindu, Red-Fort etc.
- COMMON NOUN : Boy, Newspaper, Fort etc.
- COLLECTIVE NOUN : Team, Cattle, Police etc.
- MATERIAL NOUN : Milk, Wood, Sand, Iron etc.
- ABSTRACT NOUN : Feel, Information, Youth etc.
Identification of Abstract Noun : [Suffix- _____ment, ____ition, _____ion, ___ision, ___ness, ___dom, __hood, __ter, __ity, __ty, __y, __red, __ship, __ance, __ence etc ]
- Countable Noun category (2) : Common Noun, Collective Noun
- Uncountable Noun category (3) : Proper Noun, Material Noun, Abstract Noun
- Countable Noun = Singular / Plural [Can Both]
Uncountable Noun = Always singular
2. Role of Noun :
- as a subject
- as a object
- as a object compliment
- as a subject compliment
eg: Honesty (sub→Noun ) is (link verb) the best policy (Sub-compliment).
3. Compound Noun :
-
- eg. Son-in-law, Sun-set, Bus-stop etc.
Ramesh lives near the bus-stop ( Here preposition NEAR is use for Object bus-stop not for lives). - Possession: On last element.
eg: Mother-in-law‘s - Pluralise : Major word + s/es
eg: Mothers-in-law , commanders-in-chief
Handfuls, general managers - NOTE : [THE+ADJECTIVE]=NOUN (countable), and always followed by plural helping verb.
eg. The poor, the Indian, the good, the rich etc.
- eg. Son-in-law, Sun-set, Bus-stop etc.
4. CONVERSION OF ADJECTIVE TO NOUN
- Komal is a
beauty(noun) beautiful (adjective) girl (noun). - adjective vs noun
*Happy(Adjective) Happiness (Noun) is the key (sub compliment) to a healthy life.
(Note : adjective can’t work as the subject of sentence) - There are some more example of Adjective-Noun in the table given below.
Adjective | Noun |
Good | Goodness |
True
(True Friend) | Trueness/Truth |
Brave | Braveness/ Bravery |
Wise | wiseness/wisdom |
poor | poverty/pooverness |
vacant
(vacant seat) | vacancy |
human | humanity/humaness |
grow | growth |
live | life |
hate | hate/hatred |
die | death |
free | freedom |
punish | punishment |
think | thought |
5. NOUN – NUMBER :
-
- This is applicable only for Common and Collective Noun
- Noun classification based on Numbers : Singular and Plural
- Singular noun : singular verb , article A/An
one boy = a boy
one apple = An apple - Plural Noun : Plural verb
- Article + adjective + Singular countable Noun
Article+ adjective + Singular un-countable Noun
[Sequence] – Determiner/Article + adverb + adjective + noun - Table : conversion of Singular noun to Plural Noun
6. Collective Noun:
- Police, committee, team, Jury, audience, Herd, crowd, band, choir
- Individual Sense: Plural verb
- Collective Sense: Singular verb
eg:
The committee were fighting among themselves.
The committee was headed by the PM.
7. Important Rules of Noun:
- Three tens:- 3×10=30
Three tenths:- 3/10
1 :- Singular Helping Verb
1.00001 :- Plural Helping Verb
1+1/2 :- Plural Helping Verb - [Number] +[ Pair, Dozen, Hundred, thousand, million, score, etc] + [Plural Helping verb]
eg:-
A dozen apples, one and a half days, one day and a half
- One-third + Singular Helping Verb
Two-third/……..thired/forth + Plural Helping Verb
eg:-
1. One-third of population is crazy
2. Two-third of the people are wearing coats.
3. Two spoons of salt is added to this dish.
4. Govt. gave a 100 Million rupees subsidy. - adjective : never singular OR Plural
1. My grandma is aged 3 score and 15 years.
2. Ram wants threethousands(adjective)ofthousand rupees(Noun).
3. She demanded two (adjective) years (noun)
4. One year’s (possessive case of noun) journey (sub noun) is enough. - Number of Plural (Noun/Pronoun) + Singular Helping Verb
Each of boys is good at English.
Either of boys is good at English.
Both of boys is good at English.
None of boys is good at English. - None (not one) = Singular Helping Verb
None (not all) = Plural Helping verb
eg:-
None of the work is given to him.
None of the books are read by him. - For uncountable Noun:
Little : close to zero
A Little : thoda sa
The Little : jo bhi thoda sa
Much : Bhaut sara - For countable Noun :
Few : close to zero
A Few : thoda sa
The Few : jo bhi thoda sa
Many : Bhaut sara
Singular Noun | Plural Noun |
Simple Rule | |
car house | cars houses |
sh, ch, ss, s, o, x : Rule [Add 'es'] | |
Dish Batch kiss box | Dishes Batches Kisses Boxes |
consonant + Y: Rule [Add 'ies' ,remove 'Y'] | |
Lady | Ladies |
F/Fe : Rule [add 'ves', remove 'f/fe'] | |
Wife Thief | Wives Thieves |
Miscellaneous | |
Man Woman Tooth Mouse | Men Women Theet Mice |
Exception | |
solo photo logo ratio kilo zero commando piano dynamo safe proof gulf chief | solos photos logos ratios kilos zeros commandos pianos dynamos safes proofs gulfs chiefs |
List : Always Singular Noun | |
Disease : Rickets, Mumps, Measles, Shingles, Subjects : Mathematics, Physics, Social Studies, Electronics, Economics, Ethics, etc Games : Billiards, Draughts Others: news, politics, summons, innings, scenery, stationary, crockery, information, poetry, furniture, advice, hair, business, mischief, postage, knowledge, wastage, jewelry, breakage, equipment, work, evidence, word, fuel, cost Note: Plural of scenery = a pieces of scenery |
Singular = Plural (can be used as both) | |
series, species, whereabouts, aircraft, SpiceJet, hair, deer, fish, swine, sheep, cod, trout, salmon, etc. Note: 1. There were 20 fish in the pond. 2. There were 20 types of fish in the pond. I have black hair. I found three (strands of) hairs in my pizza |
Always Plural Noun | |
1. Scissors 2. Binoculars 3. Headphones 4. Sunglasses 5. Spectacles 6. Goggles 7. Tongs 8. Pliers 9. Pincers 10. Gallows 11. Pants 12. Shorts 13. Tweezers 14. Bellows 15. Guts 16. Fangs 17. News 18. Jeans 19. Pajamas 20. Tights Alms, amends, archives, arrears, auspicious, congratulations, embers, fireworks, lodging, outskirts, particulars, proceeds, regards, riches, remains, savings, shambles, surroundings, tidings, troops, tactics, thanks, wages, belongings, goods, eaves, assets, premises, arms, earrings, etc police, people, infantry, peasantry, gentry, poultry, cattle, cavalry, vermin Note : wages (singular) : parinam Note : wages (plural) : majduri Note: peoples : from different races (types of people). eg: Peoples from 20 nations will participate in the G-20 conference. Note: A people: one type of people. eg : Marathas are a people known for their bravery. Spectacles (plural) - singular: a pair of spectacles |
Singular-Plural (Special words) | |
Bacterium | Bacteria |
Medium | Media |
curriculum | curricula |
maximum | maxima |
datum | data |
erratum | errata |
memorandum | memoranda |
Radius | radii |
focus | foci |
fungus | fungi |
syllabus | syllabi |
Neucleus | neculei |
alumnus | alumni (old student) |
axis | axes |
crisis | crises |
basic | bases |
analysis | analyses |
thesis | theses |
hypothesis | hypotheses |
criterion | criteria |
phenonmenon | phenonmena |
formula | formulae |
lacuna | lacunae |